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Ha Long Bay

Ha Long Bay

According to scientists, the Ha Long area and the surrounding coastal and island areas of the bay include many terrigenous and carbonate sedimentary formations, ranging in age from the Paleozoic to the Neoproterozoic era. Many sedimentary formations in this area contain paleontological traces in various forms of fossils, including groups of animals and plants that have completely or almost completely disappeared from the earth. Geological history of Ha Long Bay, opened nearly 500 million years ago, with very different and quite complex paleogeographical circumstances. The presence of the bay and the islands in the bay are unique evidence of the earth's historical development, including geological characteristics and the continuous movement and development of the Karst terrain, the Fengcong system. and Fengling. The special terrain of Ha Long Bay is closely related to the climatic history and tectonic movement of the earth. The islands here are quite ideal models of Karst formed in tropical, humid conditions. The entire Ha Long Bay area is a Karst landscape over many millions of years, with pyramid-shaped, eroded Karst towers, creating an outstanding and unique beauty around the world. Stalactites in caves in the Bay Area are younger than other caves. Rainwater flows down through cracks in the cave ceiling and walls. Along the way, it dissolves and erodes limestone and deposits it into stalactites on the ceiling and stalagmites on the floor... Thousands of islands and dozens of beautiful caves have created the aesthetic value of the Bay. The beauty of Ha Long is created from 3 elements: rock, water and sky. The system of rocky islands in Ha Long has many shapes and forms, blending with the sky and sea, creating a watercolor painting. The inside of the large rocky islands is attractive with beautiful and strange caves. Dau Go Cave evokes an overwhelming feeling, with stalactites of various shapes and sizes. Thien Cung Cave is like a majestic and beautiful temple. Bo Nau Cave has an arched door, with countless stalactites hanging down as soft as willow branches. Sung Sot Cave is surprisingly beautiful, with stalactites in the shapes of wild chickens, toads, dragons, waterfalls, and many other shapes, opening up a fairy tale world. Caves such as Tam Cung, Trinh Nu, Ba Hang, Tien Long,... each cave has unique and amazing beauty. The tectonic history of Ha Long Bay has gone through very different paleogeographical circumstances, many times of mountain formation, sea retreat, subsidence, sea advance... Ha Long Bay still retains the imprints of the orogeny process. , the great trough of the earth, has the structure of ancient ramparts and trenches. Ha Long Bay area was once a deep sea in the Odovician - Silurian periods (about 500 - 410 million years ago), a shallow sea in the Carboniferous - Permian periods (about 340 - 250 million years ago), a coastal sea in the late Paleogene period, early Neogene period (about 26 - 20 million years ago) and experienced several sea encroachments during the Anthropocene period (about 2 million years ago). In the Triassic period (240 - 195 million years ago), when the earth in general and Europe in particular had a hot and dry climate, the Ha Long Bay area was wet swamps, with forests of cycads and giant ferns. accumulation of many generations... The Karst topography of Ha Long Bay has global significance and is fundamental to geomorphological science. The geological environment is also the foundation for other values ​​of the bay, such as biodiversity, archaeological culture and other human values. The total number of plant species living on the islands in Ha Long Bay is about over a thousand species. A number of different plant species communities have been found, such as mangrove species, island sandbank plants, species growing on mountain slopes and cliffs, on mountain tops or growing at the mouths of caves or caves. rocks. Researchers from the World Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have discovered 7 endemic plant species of Ha Long Bay. These species are only adapted to living on the limestone islands of Ha Long Bay, and cannot be found anywhere else in the world, such as: Ha Long cycad, purple astragalus, Ha Long palm, antler astragalus, anthurium. Ha Long ear, Ha Long's five family envelopes, golden flower guard girl. According to statistics, the closed evergreen, tropical humid forest ecosystem in Ha Long and Bai Tu Long has: 477 species of magnolia, 12 species of ferns and 20 species of mangrove plants; As for animals, there are also 4 species of amphibians, 10 species of reptiles, 40 species of birds and 14 species of mammals. The results of research, archeology and culture show that the presence of prehistoric inhabitants in Ha Long Bay area quite early, has created successive ancient cultural forms, including including Soi Nhu culture (about 18,000 - 7,000 years BC), Cai Beo culture (7,000 - 5,000 years BC) and Ha Long culture (about 3,500 - 5,000 years ago). The main way of life of Soi Nhu's owner is "catching shellfish, including gathering fruits, digging tubers and roots", knowing how to catch fish but not having a fishing career. The Cai Beo site is one of the first pieces of evidence to confirm that the ancestors of the ancient Vietnamese people, from a very early age, confronted the sea and developed here a brilliant culture, a meeting point. convergence of many different elements and nuances into a very old traditional cultural line in Vietnam and Southeast Asia: the Cuoi cultural line. Regarding the way of residence and living of Cai Beo people, in addition to hunting and gathering, there is also exploitation of the sea. Ha Long Bay is an area with outstanding global values, most notably aesthetic, scientific, historical, archaeological values... In 1962, the Ha Long Bay area was recognized as a monument. national landscape. In 1994, Ha Long Bay was recognized by UNESCO as a world natural heritage for its aesthetic value and was re-recognized for the second time, with exceptional global value in geology and geomorphology in 2000. With the special historical, cultural, scientific and aesthetic values ​​of the bay, the Prime Minister decided to classify Ha Long Bay Scenic Landscape as a special national monument (Decision No. 1272/QD -TTg, August 12, 2009). Source: Department of Cultural Heritage

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